Ghost Citations
An advocate’s signature on a court filing is more than an administrative seal; it is a personal representation to the court that the document does not mislead, its citations are real, and every author…
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Martin Wagah
Articles and research contributions by Martin Wagah.
5 CONTRIBUTIONS
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The Procurement Gap
Thirty per cent. That was the share of substantive Kenyan equity that any company providing ICT services in Kenya was required to maintain. This was the only regulatory instrument that structurally en…
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Haki Legal – Building Legal AI in Kenya
In May 2025, a court submission in Kenya was found to contain legal citations that did not exist. Cases fabricated whole cloth. Statutes that had never been enacted. Arguments dressed in the language …
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The BluePrint – Doing AI Right In Africa
My first essay in this series argued that Africa’s position in the AI revolution is one that offers strategic choice. I posed that Africa’s lateness allows it to choose better, and that its diversity …
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The Polycentre: AI in Africa
Conventional narratives position Africa as perpetually behind, always scrambling to catch up while real progress happens elsewhere. This framing is wrong. Africa’s position outside conventional curren…
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